Full Effort is Not Full Credit but That’s OK

100%

By Amy Barr at The Lukeion Project

Recently one of our faculty was asked, “I’ll earn a 100% whenever I do my best, right?” What was the answer she gently offered in response? “No.” Isn’t doing one’s best good? Absolutely, working at full effort is important, but full effort does not always guarantee full credit. Let’s explore why this is the case in almost all skill acquisitions in life and why you must still put in full effort, no less.
Ever heard an inspiring story about how a person was able to lose a lot of weight to achieve a health or fitness goal or to recover from a serious illness or injury? While we often focus on the end results in which the hero enjoys success, we often do not focus on that person’s day-to-day effort. When overcoming any kind of challenge, successful people quickly come to understand that giving 100% is not the destination but the necessary—but mundane—means to achieve the desired goal. 
Consider a person recovering from a serious illness through weightlifting. She might certainly give 100% on the first day of training by lifting a tiny fraction of the weight that she will eventually lift after a year. Giving all she’s got to give will be lower and slower at first compared to last. A successful person marks goals and then works diligently towards goals with the mature understanding that victory will be enjoyed with full effort but only after many attempts, failures, and less-than-perfect days. 
If you can play a musical instrument well now, your lower-level goals (performances and recitals) started at very basic levels before they became more complex. Your earliest efforts resulted in a halting rendition of Twinkle Twinkle that only a mother could love. You must start there so that your mature talents are more impressive.
How does a fitness or musical goal compare to academic success? When learning an unfamiliar academic skill, you will be given sequential challenges to take you from introductions to more advanced levels. Of course, you should give each task 100% as you go but remember, you are new to this material. 100% effort for the first few challenges is like lifting those small beginner weights or playing Hot-Cross-Buns on your flute. Keep going. You aren’t there yet. You’ve got more to master.   
Your educator knows your goal is achieved not in simple lessons at the start but the subject mastery at the end after many lesser goals and lower levels are endured or conquered. Maybe you follow directions, format accurately, and edit well, yet your score is more mid-level than you’d prefer. You’ve worked diligently but you still have more to do as you develop your academic muscles. Keep working at 100%. You’ve only started and you have further to go.
Provided your educator understands the whole trajectory of the skills you are building, you are not just being evaluated item by item but skill by skill as you mature in the material. Unless the topic is assessed using answers that are either completely correct or completely incorrect such as studies in mathematics, expect your best efforts to be evaluated on where you sit on the trajectory of skill-building.
Learning to write well isn’t done with a single essay or even a single semester of work. You are given an essay to write, edit, and rewrite. You follow all instructions. You apply the writing tips you heard in class as well as features that you enjoy from other examples you’ve read. You put in the time, and you give 100% effort on this task. That score of 89 out of 100 can be disappointing unless you understand that you are credited for your diligence, your care with directions, how you edited, how you communicated, and also how you compare with your skills now with where your skills might be in three weeks, months, or years. You are still lifting tiny weights and playing simple songs. That’s OK!  You still have hard work to do. Keep going.   

10 Reasons Why Serious Academic Students Should Take Creative Writing

Take a Writing Detour

By Randee Baty at The Lukeion Project

Every fall here at Lukeion Project we focus on academic writing. It’s something every student will need eventually, so we offer an introduction to academic writing with our Skillful Scribbler class and a more advanced level of academic writing with our College Composition class. Academic writing has fairly rigid conventions that prescribe set forms and styles that don’t vary much among professors. It’s a style of writing that is necessary for students to know but is mainly used as they go through their academic life. In the spring, however, we offer the opportunity to do something much more creative and, for most students, more joyful and freeing: creative writing. 
Because creative writing is used less directly in classroom settings as students move into high school and college, not everyone will take advantage of the opportunity to spend a semester in this useful and engaging class. Along with the pleasure and fun it provides for those who are often overly stressed by their classes, creative writing provides true academic benefits and life skills that are definitely worth consideration for parents and students. 

Expand the Technical Mind

Creative writing expands the mind to think creatively in many different ways. They are creating new worlds, new situations, new characters, and innovative ideas that no one may have ever thought of before. Motorola’s engineer Martin Cooper directly cited Star Trek when inventing the first cell phone in 1973. What began as a creative idea in a writer’s head is now one of the most omnipresent devices on the planet. The founders of iRobot that created the Roomba vacuum acknowledge the robot maid, Rosie from the animated show The Jetsons, as one of their inspirations. (We had named our Roomba Rosie even before I knew this). Companies need workers who can solve problems by thinking outside the box. The next major invention could be lurking inside the head of one of our creative writers!

Expand Working Vocabulary

One of the most important benefits of creative writing is how it helps a student broaden their vocabulary. The class requires young authors to use language from a variety of settings, not just academic subjects. They will write about various places and times, diverse types of characters and different actions and activities. All of those require clear and understandable language that speaks directly to the reader, providing specific details. While many young writers struggle with specificity in academic writing, creating stories, plays, or poetry require specific language, and this skill is strengthened. 

Expand Communication Skills

Creative writing allows participants to explore several types of writing. Short stories, dialogue, poetry, and drama all require distinct types of thinking skills for putting the proper words on the page. These skills translate well into business writing later in life. Someone who has mastered the art of putting their entire meaning into a few lines of poetry has no problems later writing clear and effective business memos or copy for ads. A student who has learned how to distill a whole narrative into a few pages has the skills to write a strong college entrance exam. Creative writing skills are transferable to much of what they will need later in life.

Grow Comfortable with a Range of Expression

Creative writing allows students to play with words. Reluctant writers aren’t tied to academic language and get to experiment more without being told that they are often wrong in the way they express themselves. Eager writers can take their love of words further than would ever be proper in an academic writing setting. Vocabulary, style, and voice are all encouraged by this. 

Expand Soft Skills

Creating a strong and cohesive story that will engage readers and keep them reading requires planning, research and organization as well as good time-management skills. These are all the “soft skills” that academics and future employers are looking for. Outlines are still needed, and deadlines must be met. A class where students are planning, writing, reviewing, and revising their own imaginative work is a great blend of freedom and structure that translates into most jobs later in life. 

Encourage Reading for Pleasure

Creative writing classes improve the student’s appreciation of literature. Most students will have to take a certain number of literature classes throughout their academic careers, and understanding how poetry, novels, short stories, and plays are constructed and composed heightens their understanding and ability to interpret what they are reading. It just makes literature more fun!

Gain Confidence in Collaboration

Creative writing gives students more confidence in their writing skills. This class requires workshopping, where classmates read and critique each other’s work. By sharing their work on a consistent basis with others and receiving feedback on it, both praise and constructive criticism, writers come out of the class feeling much more comfortable and confident with others reading their work. Even good writers tend to be overly critical of their writing and shy away from sharing it. Creative Writing helps students get past that mindset and enjoy sharing what they’ve done with others. 

Prepare for Competitive Writing

Essay and writing competitions abound. Both academic and creative writing skills are useful in these types of competitions. While many of them require fact-based topics, the ability to capture an audience in the way a student talks about the topic is honed and refined in creative writing. These types of competitions look great on a college entrance essay and sometimes carry scholarship money. They are also another avenue for helping students become comfortable sharing their writing with others. 

Communicate Critical Thinking

Any writing class of any kind improves a student’s critical thinking skills. Whether it is academic or creative, writing is thinking. The ability to turn complex ideas into words that others can follow and understand, even enjoy, is one of the hallmarks of a good thinker and a necessary skill for both college and the work world.

Effective Academic Help

Helping not Hindering

By Amy Barr with The Lukeion Project

Teaching isn’t easy. Sequence ideas properly. Review material at appropriate frequency and intensity while not losing the student through too much repetition or to too little. Test for cognizance. Walk the student through application then see if they can work by themselves. Come back later to see how much sank in and to what level of competence. Repeat as necessary then do it all over again with the next level of mastery. Apply enough pressure to keep the student motivated but not frustrated but be able to bring the frustrated student back to the topic. Finally, invite the student to develop independence from you as educator so that you are no longer needed if you’ve done your job well.

Parent educators will often struggle more than a non-relative educator who has the benefit of a less emotional attachment and more experience with all sorts of academic challenges. The quality of a student's prior preparation, the hope of specific future success, and the intensity of current emotional well-being weigh heavily on the whole educational process for a parent and child. Add to this the fact that parents will experienced the full crescendo of emotions that can erupt when all these difficulties mix with a child's ability to push or pull a parent’s emotional well-being to the limit. Teaching is hard work for everyone.  

When you are tasked with helping your student through a tough academic topic assigned to them by another educator, here are five ways to help them rather than hinder them. 

1. Never Do their Work

A parent doing most of the writing, translating, or calculating to complete a student’s assignment circumvents all the emotional drama I’ve just mentioned. Consequently, a startling number of parents decide to "ensure" students’ success by doing most of the work for them. If you are writing your student’s essay for her, translating his Latin, or sorting out her logic problems, your student now has compounded issues. Having missed the chance to mature through earlier steps now guarantees the next ones will be far more difficult if not impossible. Worse, your student now believes that she was never capable of doing the easier work (after all, you had to do most of it for her) so why would she even attempt the more challenging tasks that come next? What a disaster. A lower grade and some weeping at the kitchen table (yours and theirs) is far better than doing your student’s work for them.

2. Mainly Listen

Think back on your own education. It can be exhausting and overwhelming. You still feel the same way from time to time even if you are normally fine with your coworkers, boss, or your daily tasks. Offer a snack and your ears. Listen to frustrations and concerns. Listen to them explain the assignment or essay prompt. Let them verbally process their worries about a busy project schedule. Talking it through often is enough to make a busy schedule more do-able.

3. Never Join the Gripe Fest

Listening to your student’s frustrations is one thing. Getting in on the gripe fest is another. Your child’s educators have limited abilities to motivate and move your student on to future success.  They have zero chance at doing so if you disparage your student’s educator. Have a talk with your child’s educator privately if you have a problem but never complain about a teacher to the student which effectively ends any positive impact the educator can ever hope to offer.

4. Supply the Time

Supplying your student what she needs for success need not be expensive. The thing students need most is sufficient time to accomplish the tasks set before them. I educated all three of my now adult children at home. I used to feel a little guilty about not adding more music lessons, sports, and events to their lives. As professionals and college grads today, they don’t talk about their extracurricular schedule. They talk about the time they had to explore things that were unique to themselves like playing their favorite instrument out of enjoyment, creating art out of inspiration, climbing a cliff as volunteer camp staff.  

5. Weather the Tears

Learning challenging things can be rough. Many of our brightest students shoot through a lot of topics and years before they ever meet their first truly difficult academic challenge. There may be more than a few tears the first time a lower than usual score comes their way or when they don’t easily grasp a new topic or when they didn’t do their best work. This is the time to model grit, fortitude, and stamina. Of all the things your student needs in life, grit, fortitude, and stamina through difficult times should be top of the list.  

Double-Benefit Education?

 Are Dual Enrollment Courses an Advantage?

By Amy Barr with The Lukeion Project

Dual enrollment courses allow high school students to take college classes and earn credits that count towards both a high school diploma and a college degree. Parents see this as a chance to get started on a college education while finishing high school. Many States offer dual enrollment in community colleges at a reduced cost or even free. Many colleges offer dual enrollment as an enticement to transition those high school students quickly and easily into full-time students once they graduate. What’s not to like?

Quality of Education

All too often, students are asked to abandon upper-level—truly college-preparatory—courses like advanced Greek, Latin, Shakespeare, AP classes, college composition, and philosophy because they have the opportunity to enroll in dual enrollment courses instead. We see a lot of our best and brightest at The Lukeion Project zipped away at just the time when they are really embracing their favorite materials.  Universally there’s a sense of pride: I’m taking college classes though I just started 11^th grade! On the flip side, we sometimes hear back from students expressing regrets. Dual enrollment wasn’t exactly the positive experience they had hoped for but why? What do students say?

Especially for our home educated or privately schooled students, jumping into a community college English class or a self-paced dual enrollment from their local university can be a disappointment. Over the course of a 30+ year teaching career, I’ve had dozens of students say they wished they had stuck with classes they loved instead of grabbing classes that let them finish basic college requirements. Pace and curriculum in a lot of dual enrollment classes are typically geared at tackling the basics, something academically minded kids already covered. Taking classes they loved and passing CLEP exams to finish basics would have made better sense for most.

There’s no denying that a head start on college credits is a nice cash savings but what are the main issues with jumping into community college or dual-enrollment classes in the final years of high school?

A Check Box Education is Not That Exciting

Higher education is diminishing in almost every way. In five years, most of our colleges will be closed or transformed for a variety of reasons that may be unavoidable, and which can’t be covered here in so short a blog. Most relevant is the fact that higher education, formerly an opportunity to celebrate the maturation of our best and brightest as they are fostered by experts in their chosen fields, is now a check list to be completed at any cost using any available method. What was once an educational system of professionals training the next generation of field professionals has become a checklist to obtain quick affordable credentials.

How is credentialism contributing to the collapse of higher education? As credentials, diplomas, or certificates have first priority over all other factors, so too has the search for ways to offer those credentials as expeditiously and as cheaply as possible. Fast, economical, streamlined, AI-dependent “training programs” (compared to semester classes with faculty, papers, exams, and presentations) feels like a double win. Students can save money by working more (or less) quickly and remotely while colleges need not hire more faculty. College programs are becoming a race to get certified.

College faculty numbers are shrinking. College hiring has stopped in many fields while remaining faculty are asked to focus on more remedial classes. A faculty educator’s years of experience and the benefits of making career connections with peers in one’s professional network are going out of style when students can zoom through online training apps and asynchronous learning assignments.

Why not get that piece of paper quicker than ever without the bother of ever entering a classroom or working with faculty personally? Spend a few hours each night and weekends to read “executive summaries” followed by a fast quiz and then you are done. It is no mystery that more students prefer this approach.

Larger universities offer thousands of resident degree options, but this is changing. They now are forced to devise faster ways to “credential” a sea of non-resident asynchronous students as quickly as possible. Classroom learning will all but disappear except for a diminishing handful of programs that require training in specific physical skills.

As an ever faster, easier, cheaper credential system spreads (demolishing the need for four-year degrees), businesses will (and are) rejecting credentials from their new hires. Companies are becoming less interested in certification earned, but innate qualities demonstrated. Is the person articulate? Diligent? Determined and self-starting? Can they think and write? Why not select for personality and privately train the ideal employee?   

Completing a college degree has gone from a badge of honor for those with special academic interests to a certification process that nearly everyone completes, regardless of life goals, talents, or interests. Soon, college will be a place nobody attends. Diplomas and certifications are getting faster, cheaper, and soon less necessary. Employers can use the same cheaply wrought AI education that four-year degree institutions are zealously developing. College expenses will go from astronomically high to zero as employers will take over the job. Corporations can better build training systems for employees that suit their objectives. Universities—what few remain—will return to nurturing only very specific academic pursuits and the cycle will have come full circle.       

Cost to Benefit Analysis Explains the Push for Dual Enrollment

One can still find a few programs that offer excellent in-person education in comprehensive classes that offer simultaneous high school and college credit. They aren’t all gone but they are rare. At the beginning (way back in the ‘80s), academically talented 12^th grade students could get a head start on college level material and forgo the chore of repeating the same material at college prices. Now, material that was easily aligned as average 11^th or 12^th grade material –deemed too pedestrian for gifted, talented, or ambitious kids—is offered as the curriculum for dual enrollment classes. Remedial level lessons—what was formerly 8^th-10^th grade material—remains the core of typical in-class high school courses.

Students actually wanting to work at “college level” in certain subjects are still having to wait to take those classes in college. Dual enrollment isn’t really working at the college level so much as it is now working where high school used to be only 6 or 7 years ago.    

College Preparatory?

High school students are given a wide range of options as they finish their high school years today. If they attend a public high school, they are pressured to move to dual enrollment to make room in funding for the ever-growing need for remedial seats. Students who were once encouraged to take a couple of AP classes to demonstrate promising academic abilities are being tasked with filling their schedules with every imaginable AP class starting in 9^th grade. In an effort to accommodate the growing interest in AP classes and the cash that flows from that interest, exams are being adjusted down in complexity. More passing scores means more participants next year! Colleges, also not excited about losing out on the cash-flow from so many AP class credits, are accepting such credits as a way to attract ambitious students but then adjust degree requirements. AP classes are often not quite college level anymore, per se.

Things to Think About

It is not easy to pass up dual enrollment classes with two-for-the-price-of-one outcomes. Who wouldn’t want to be half-finished with college before even beginning? The trouble is that human beings, as usual, are in charge of this societal shift. Opportunities to work ahead once served students well intellectually and economically, but all outcomes are not equal. What was once advertised as a great way for college-bound kids to get ahead may not actually perform as advertised anymore. Students who do have an educational program they enjoy and find fulfilling may not see promised gains if they jump onto the credential conveyor belt. Financial and certification incentives sound great but, we find in practice, they are rapidly diluting the quality and intensity of the education at both the high school and college levels.    

A Challenging Education

Why Rigor?

By Amy Barr with The Lukeion Project 

Recently I was reading a discussion posted to a Classical education group. The OP was a parent of a student in 7^th grade trying to frame a good educational plan for her child while not over-stressing him. Her question was simple yet complex: Why is it important to provide a rigorous education for one’s child? What is “rigor”?

Rigor is too often defined as simply “challenging” (lots of AP classes) or maybe just college preparatory. A rigorous education is more than just being academically busy, though many programs and students treat it that way. I see three main components that help define a rigorous education for any student.

1. Thorough

Education is a luxury. Over a lifetime we fortunate few will enjoy a window of opportunity to focus specifically on our own education. While our earliest years should feel like play, as we mature in our education, we must gradually learn that education is a thing we do for ourselves rather than being a thing done to us in the form of a lengthy check list of chores before certificates of completion are offered.

Statistically, most do not mature much beyond “consuming” education primarily by completing check lists and seeking certifications with few distinctions or preferences for the quality or intensity of each part, provided each required category is completed. Even students who have limited interest in an academic future will finish half their high school courses as dual enrollment to save “time and money” at the college level. Once at college they’ll often find those dual enrollment classes weren’t much of a challenge after all and credits need to be repeated.   

A rigorous education is one that exceeds base levels and goes beyond check boxes. Students read the whole piece of literature, not just the summary. Learners master a topic at level rather than just cursorily “cover” the topic workbook style for a given period. They might “take” French for the expected two years in a check-list model or, with rigor, they might learn enough that they can navigate and converse in the language with relative ease. Both approaches take two years, only one matters in the long run.

A rigorous education is thorough enough that each level is a proper foundation for the next for as long as the learner chooses. If she comes to completely understand the mechanics of English in middle school, she can stand on that foundation to master even more interesting things in writing or foreign languages in subsequent years and eventually enjoy a wide variety of options professionally in the future as a writer, speaker, journalist, or interpreter.

The check-box education may result in the same certification of completion in the same number of years as a rigorous education. Only rigor builds a foundation to stand on and as you build and climb to even higher goals. If you have the choice between a heart surgeon who was at the top percentile of her exclusive cohort or one who enjoyed a program that allowed 100% to pass with minimal effort, you wouldn’t hesitate to pick the first one as you grow to appreciate rigor in education.      

2. Challenging

A rigorous education must always push a student to go just beyond his current skill levels, whatever those levels might be. This is why a student doesn’t need to be academically gifted, per se, to deeply profit from a rigorous education to the same degree that an academically gifted student will. The goal is to constantly challenge yourself and perpetually try things that are just beyond your reach. If you plant a sapling tree but leave it tethered, supported, propped, and protected, it never becomes robust enough to weather storms. Challenging yourself in your own education helps you weather the storms to come as they certainly will.

There is no real distinction in the outcome of an unchallenged gifted student and a well challenged average student who braved a rigorous education.  

Real challenges in education even at the college level are now rare. Public education is not designed for rigor. Private education is only a little better. In both approaches, education is diluted to increase the commodity of students who check their boxes and get their papers. Profound topics that once challenged human minds for centuries are now efficiently reduced to short summaries followed by multiple-choice questions in a pass-fail course with unlimited tries. Challenging doesn’t “pay” anymore for most schools.

Unusually, rigor works at The Lukeion Project because students who achieve mastery at a lower level are ready to climb to our next steps. We don’t list our classes as “9^th grade English” because a student must go back to basics or even surge forward to the levels that challenge them so they can build up.

3. Comprehensive

A rigorous education doesn’t decide a student’s path prematurely. A student with a strong interest in dinosaurs or chess at age 10 is still led through a robust selection of literature, art, music, writing, philosophy, public speaking, and foreign language along with more typical STEM topics and even basics in the garden, kitchen, and shop. We need well-rounded electricians, astrophysicists, and journalists, please.

Why is Rigor Important?

In terms of overall life satisfaction, being genuinely challenged by a subject and then enjoying a sense of achievement by overcoming that trial is a true boost to ego and self. Nobody looks back on a check box education as being intrinsically rewarding. Ever hear a grandparent entertain the family with harrowing tales of doing the bare minimum or going through the motions or just staying busy until time expires? A big part of feeling confidence is the assurance that, having overcome challenges before, we can overcome them again.

A person gains the confidence to continue to bigger challenges when she has a history of prior success over actual challenges. In a world of participation trophies and easy wins, we have a generation of deeply depressed young people. They’ve not overcome anything difficult before and, as adults, don’t know how... and are terrified they can’t.  

Every student’s rigorous education should, ideally, be crafted for her and well-suited to him. Rigor means that the next level up should be difficult to reach without strong effort. Top grades should not be granted to anybody that merely followed the instructions but no more. There’s a level above that! Rigor means that excellence—overcoming the challenge fully—is not a check list but a genuine victory.  

AI Makes a Poor Educator

Defining Difference

By Amy Barr with The Lukeion Project

Societies have always been stratified. How those social layers are defined varies from nation to nation, era to era, and crisis to crisis. Wealth is normally given first place when deciding one’s stratum sociologically but there is more nuance than counting one’s cash on hand. Wealth gained by luck, pluck, grit, wit, or inheritance varies from a momentary flash of luxury to generational wealth. More often than not, one’s education and training are the better distinction between a lottery winner blowing through five lifetimes of money in a year and a frugal family that spends nothing unless it offers measurable benefits decades in the future.

Education, at least how many view it today, is a relatively new part of societal stratification but not because children were uneducated in prior centuries. For most of human history, even when examining the elite, education typically prepared a child to continue doing what his or her family had always done. A farmer’s child was readied for the family business well before size and strength allowed. Roman senators trained their sons to be Roman senators. Bakers brought up bakers.

Formal public schools were not trialed until around 150 years ago. They became compulsory only a century ago but only for the elementary years for basic literacy since older children went to master whatever industry parents pursued. Only in the last 50 years have we viewed education as a compulsory conveyor belt from pre-kindergarten through high school, and in the last 20 years, through college even for students who had little interest in a four-year degree.

For the last 50 to 75 years, one could make pretty good assumptions about the economic trajectory of an individual based on the length and intensity of her education with some assurances that the more years spent in an institution gathering credentials, the better one’s financial outcome. This package was sold to several generations of students who bought it and paid for it only to discover that enjoyable careers are as limited as affordable houses made less so for those with massive student loans.

Education is Changing Once Again

There is another major evolution in education already in motion. There is no stopping this next change and so it is impossible to predict how education will look in three years. Today’s “normal” is gone. A far smaller than usual cohort of college freshman starting classes next year will find their chosen field has been either subsumed or wholly transformed by AI well before a diploma is in hand. What will define education over the next few years?

I have many thoughts on this answer as an educator, but I offer the top item on my list and only briefly today. AI is going to change everything but not for the better.

The Use or Abuse of AI in Education

Various tech development groups have already rolled out the first generation of personalized education apps and promote them as the ultimate opportunity for student development. Each student’s education will be “completely personalized” through an AI app namely in that each student will work at his own pace and advance at her own skill level. All of this will be done at the fraction of the cost of putting a human before the children each weekday. Sounds great.

As the new primary educator, AI will “get to know” the student and then tailor its responses to the child, mimicking a human teacher as closely as its creators allow while employing the most effective psychological enticements. Whole schools have fully or partially inaugurated this approach already. In a year or maybe two, AI will be standard, especially in depressed areas. “Teachers” in brick-and-mortar schools will not so much teach as patrol to ensure their students maintain engagement with a device all day.

Clever and competent critics forecast multiple issues by handing our next generation over to AI. Entrusting students to a device for twelve years is the stuff of nightmares. Most who attended a brick-and-mortar institution (K-college) between 2020-2023 have suffered educational gaps that will continue to change the nature of education even if AI were not here. Very few people prospered in an education exclusively through a device. Humans aren’t meant to.

My suspicion of AI in education sounds odd coming from a person who educates online. Lukeion Project core values have always valued human interaction, the ability to ask questions, give answers, converse respectfully, debate productively, and gain feedback from human instructors. It isn’t perfect but we have done our best to offer the humanities through human educators. We are daily bombarded with offers to become fully automated through AI learning tools making all our students fully self-paced. All topics become just a check list to rush through with a few well-worded multiple-choice questions! Forget grappling with the plight of the Trojan women in Greek Tragedy, disregard reading Shakespeare with your peers, never mind the sounds of Latin and Greek by her best poets, Ignore the power of history, philosophy, logic, and rhetoric. AI will keep you busy all day. You’ll hardly notice life slipping by.

An AI tutor will deliver a homogenized pulp of thoughts and subjects with no parental input nor ethical complexity, neither variations for local, political, social, traditional, nor religious preferences. For what dismal future does AI hope to shape a young mind this way?

My email inbox is loaded with AI vendors screaming students must start early so they are ready to use AI in the future! Absurd. They don’t need 12 years of preparation. Children entering middle school now are AI natives already with the smallest range of experiences. Dinner table debates are already being resolved by AI responses as the gold standard of truth to settle all. Public service campaigns are already here to remind people to be wary of AI images and recordings that are good enough to fool grandpa. AI is here now already, and this generation takes to it fish to water.

Heavy AI use has already shown grave issues educationally, ethically, socially, and most seriously concerning mental health. Societies across the globe push on. Many educational institutions say students are “going to do it anyway” so why not abandon reading, writing, and arithmetic but be sure to polish one’s AI query skills from an early age!

Higher education way already be doomed today, and all formal education will follow tomorrow. If people are keen to abandon the basics now--even before AI is universal in education--what will it look like in a couple of years?

This blog hasn’t offered too many encouraging words. A few imagine I’m taking too dark a view of this innovative new tool while some nod in agreement. AI will have many uses but serving as a student’s primary educator should not be one of them. Unfortunately, AI will be used primarily on the poorest students and will very quickly become the defining difference.

     

The Death of Socrates

History Repeats

By Amy E. Barr at The Lukeion Project

After the Peloponnesian War ended in 404 BC, Athens was fragmented. She had just lost to her rival Sparta in a series of conflicts that started almost thirty years earlier. Both city-states had allies in this conflict, so the war threw all of Greece into turmoil. Athens had been a superpower and now Sparta was in charge. Economics were unstable. Politics wobbled between a demand for democratic reconstruction and support or resistance to the Thirty Tyrants set up by Sparta in Athens. Athenian society was a mess but into this mess stepped 70-year-old Socrates.

Socrates avoided the rules set out for him in his own society but in the most impossibly peaceful fashion. Instead of public lecturing and campaigning to reach a political post, instead of writing political plays or literary works to shift opinions, and instead of loudly aligning with one side or the other, Socrates pursued rational inquiry with others. He believed that simply getting everyone to use their brain would give birth to a better world.

Socrates was styled as an irritant, a “gad fly,” a pest because he simply talked with other people, particularly the young people of Athens who had both time and interest in debate as their world was all too turbulent. Athens, formally known for her long years of renowned philosophers, was no longer in the mood for such debates. Everyone pushed and shoved to become preeminent in trying times. Conformity was key. Critical thinking was not on their agenda.

Socrates’ friends and students would, in today’s vernacular, come from both sides of the aisle. Naturally, the military members of Athens tended to listen to him since he served in that capacity for much of his life. His father was a sculptor, and so art was Socrates’ only “formal” education. Sculpting was blue collar work. His rivals often became his best students. They came from families of both rich and poor, famous, infamous, and completely unknown. Socrates was willing and happy to debate with anyone, and he always did so respectfully.

His methods of simply talking, debating, and exchanging ideas with people, especially young people, were innovative. Not that many Athenians considered Socrates’ innovation to be a promising idea. The popular vote demanded that everyone needed to be on exactly the same page. Socrates was being disruptive and irritating. Young people needed to unquestioningly learn their places, but Socrates was busily getting them to expand their world.

Socrates would put to debate firmly held moral claims through pointed questions. Sometimes those moral claims were just new and popular, other times more traditional. His partners in debate needed to support their beliefs. Holding popular assumptions quickly fell apart while those that listened and responded to his probing questions were guided to a deeper understanding of themselves and the world as well as their moral duty. This was his whole point.

Socrates believed people held unhealthy beliefs because they lacked knowledge. Most would never look for that knowledge until they were forced to make an account for why they believed what they believed and why they acted as they did. His onlookers and debaters were primarily individuals that we would now consider college age whom much of Athens dismissed for being too young and foolish to count for much.

Athenian leaders were not amused. Socrates did not seem to support one side over the other politically even while he enjoyed all debate. Followers, usually prior resisters, would come from all walks. His personal convictions were far more important to him than anyone else’s dainty political interests. Athenian society was not in agreement. Unity with populist opinions was the highest good. Questioning was not allowed! Socrates would be stopped.

Socrates was charged with honoring non-state-approved gods and, in punishment for his tendency to debate the young, he was charged with corrupting the youth. By corruption, they simply meant it was unacceptable to ask the brightest young minds of Athens to think critically about their own long-held positions on things. In other words, he was charged with gently compelling others to examine their own lives. Socrates would not back down.

Athenian law was built on democracy! A simple vote prevailed! Socrates, now known as the principal founder of the largest percentage of modern western philosophical tradition while never writing a single thing and the framer of the Socratic method, still considered the most successful way to develop critical thinking, wisdom, and maturation of the human mind, was sentenced to death. He could have compromised and appealed the conviction, but he refused. He could have bent or flattered the jury or found protection from political elites or even escape, he didn't quit. He accepted his death.

Several weeks after his trial Socrates was given a cup of poison. He drank it even while continuing to speak calmly and clearly to a room of friends and students as an example of moral courage until his last breath. 

His students would change the world. They would become famous philosophers (Plato and, in turn, Aristotle), historians (Xenophon), and politicians (Critias and Alcibiades). What Socrates began as a personal compulsion to seek truth for himself and others would change the world. Nobody even remembers the name of the jury that put him to death.

Mind Skills

Memorization Builds Brains

By Amy E. Barr at The Lukeion Project

 

    Charles attended his local gym every other day for months but nothing about him changed. He was no more fit and no more flexible than when he had first joined this ultramodern facility. To him it was a mystery! He attended the very epicenter of fitness and health so often that the front desk crew knew his name. He put in a full hour each weeknight. He put in two hours on Saturday. The other regulars knew exactly where to find him during his habitual visits. Charles made zero progress and saw no results but yet he continued to attend. His failure to make gains was no surprise to anyone who knew him. Charles refused to lift any weights, work on any cardio equipment, or take part in any swimming or cycling opportunities. 
    This sounds ridiculous. Charles paid the membership fee after extensive research looking for the right facility with the right coaches. He even bought a handsome exercise outfit which allowed full flexibility and to show-off any future gains. All this only to enter the gym and do nothing but see others lift weights, swim, exercise, climb, move, and stretch. 
    Charles attending an expensive gym for sizable parts of his week and doing nothing to improve his heart and muscles is very much like a student who plans to navigate 12+ years of education without once memorizing anything.
    Never being asked to engage one’s brain in this manner explains our public educational plight, at least in the U.S. though certainly the practice continues to spread to other nations. Never memorizing anything means that students live in the perpetual state of first steps and first impressions with no ability to climb the educational ladder to anything more complex. The brain is a muscle. It needs work and heavy lifting. Looking at charts, videos, and other students doing the work creates no benefit for yourself though it will certainly fill one’s day.
    Working memory, our superficial thoughts, takes any first exposure to new information and begins to engage the brain into a sorting exercise. The brain must decide if information needs to be stored short term, long term, or only briefly engaged and quickly forgotten. At best, working memory can keep around 7 items stored before everything gets jumbled. 
    If you look at your vocabulary flash cards for your Latin class only once or maybe twice before evaluating your retention, you’ll probably get around 5 to 7 things right and the rest wrong. If you enter a room to meet a bunch of new people, good luck. You might remember 5 to 7 names if the only thing people tell you is their name and nothing else like “nice to meet you” and “lovely day isn’t it!” Our brains are usually thinking up clever responses and we’ll not likely remember any names at all if we aren’t making a real effort. 
    Long term memory is what gives you the top score on your quiz and the ability to greet your new teammates when you see them again in a couple of days. Working memory is, at best, a tiny holding place for a handful of facts that will fade before the hour has ended. An educational system that is not built around developing long term memory skills condemns a student to live in mental deficit, like a case of amnesia. 
    Depending on how you prepare long term memory facts, you can store information in your mind for days to years to a lifetime. Learning the fundamentals of a subject for one year and then applying fundamentals the next as you add newer and more complex elements requires long term memory. This success requires memorization. If you’ve come from the vast majority of brick-and-mortar schools you’ve likely never been expected to memorize much. You’ve certainly never been taught methods to help yourself because “trendy education” has thought it old fashioned as our nation’s scores plummet lower than any other developed nation. The inability to develop topics over years means students limp through life with only a jumble of ideas temporarily stored in working memory and nothing more than hopes to look it up online.
    “When will we ever need algebraic formulae?” you might ask. Good luck moving up to more complex levels if you are juggling pages of facts you never learned but only saw. You can’t. Your brain can’t juggle working memory and the introduction of new concepts beyond that small group of 5-7 facts. You aren’t progressing because you are never learning. You are never learning because you have cognitive overload by asking your short-term memory to try to the job of long-term memory. Comprehension collapses. Your brain can’t juggle information and tires quickly, your learning slows, you get frustrated, and then you lose all motivation. 
    Listing the necessary outcomes of only using short-term working memory and never memorization sounds like a typical diagnosis of a learning disability: low comprehension, mental fatigue, delayed learning, frustration, disinterest, and low motivation. What if we didn’t need to hire all those classroom assistants? What if we started teaching students how to memorize and then expected them to progress beyond the basics by having long term memory functioning normally if not robustly?
    Let working memory do its job (juggling 5 to 7 new facts) but then move the important things into long term memory every night. The outcome makes an average student into a genius in today’s terms: increased comprehension (you memorized yesterday’s facts and can juggle the new ones today), increased mental stamina (you have sorted out how to process information efficiently and have confidence that you can keep doing it), faster learning (you don’t need to spend half your time looking up the things that you should have memorized but never did), and increased enthusiasm (look at that successful exam or project after the hard work paid off!)
    Having mastered what memorization can do for you, you get to move on to application (build that engine or complete that experiment or participate in that cool project), creation (apply what is known to new problems that must be solved), evaluation (swiftly sort out good ideas form bad ones to plan even better projects). 
    n the modern educational arena, too many have made a choice between memorizing a thing and understanding a thing. Use both as a tool to aid the other. 

Can't or Can?

Attitude Starts at Home

By Amy Barr with The Lukeion Project

Parents, I’ll keep this brief. All of you are busy. This week’s blog is all about modeling the attitude that helps propel a student through the most challenging academic trials. Since some of your children have not yet met many challenging academic trials, here’s your primer. The first month of academically challenging classes will be taxing but we have tips.

Survive the Drama – Everyone Hates New Challenges

It is your first week at a new job. You have a lot to learn, you don’t know anyone, you forgot your lunch, and you don’t know where to eat. As an adult, you struggle and stress tremendously when starting this new challenge, but you will likely wait until you get home to complain about getting lost while looking for the break-room and all the scheduled meetings. Sure, you are excited about new opportunities and certainly the gains in income, but starting new challenges is, well, yucky. This scenario is no different when you first start educating at home, only the lunchroom is sometimes easier to find. 

When your student starts a new academically challenging class there will be complaints. Everything is new, they want to do well but fear they won’t, and they don’t know all the answers nor understand all the expectations, they aren’t sure yet where to go. Yucky. We get it. For all of us, a good snack, hydration, and supportive words will help you and your student survive this dramatic start.

Praise the Effort, not the Smarts

Your student is putting in the time. All the signs are good because flash cards are in use, assignments are getting read, tasks are being completed. Praise all of this excellent activity because a growth mindset affirms that one can only get good at something after putting in some effort. You are fighting against the far more normal mindset of the undeveloped mind, namely that our talents are somehow already “fixed in place” (as in set in stone, stationary) at birth. Logic prescribes this isn’t so.

Don’t wait until that fabulous grade arrives on the first big exam to say, “well done.” The goal is steady consistent effort. Ever-improving grades are a nice bonus side-effect of putting in determination and struggle.

I like to use one of my son’s college experiences as an example. He’s now a gainfully employed physical therapist but his first class for his first semester of college was much the same as every other student who has grand plans for a medical career: anatomy and physiology. A&P lost half of the students before the drop deadline. Students who had luminous academic scores in high school were clawing towards scores in the low C range, the minimum to pass a course that is needed to move on in medicine. Another half of the remaining students didn’t pass and changed their majors. My son was pleased and proud to earn a low B (and retook it his senior year for an A).

An academically challenging course that was a career-do-or-die offered no chance for glamorous rewards but needed determination and grit. That score didn’t look particularly “smart” on paper, unless you too have been through this type of class. The work that really matters may not always look smart but sticking with it? That’s the prize!  

Don’t Foster an Addiction to Do-Overs

A trendy policy in public education right now is the habit of constantly allowing re-dos and retakes and do-overs and mulligans. In all the history of education, this was never normal, primarily because there is zero motivation for a student to study for anything. Enter that quiz and keep whittling away at a quiz score until boredom hits or you’ve toggled through all the multi-choice options and game the system. Consequently, we have millions of students who not only don’t need to study but now certainly can’t study if needed. Why would they?

This approach was introduced when personal devices became a major part of every classroom. Educators could put together a short multi-choice computer graded quiz online and leave it sit. Students can keep retaking the quiz until scores go up, the only goal (learning? Not so much).

The only type of quizzes that work for eternal re-dos are fairly basic by necessity. There isn’t time to grade, regrade, and re-re-grade complex assignments and projects with a room of 40 students. Material is kept at an artificially rudimentary level so it can be completely computer-graded. Now we have students who never learn to write under any type of pressure.

Offers of unlimited retakes give a student no pressure to surpass basic levels but why? If you must prepare a 20-minute well-researched speech to a group of esteemed peers, you prepare fervently. You never know what question the audience might ask! Nobody feels that level of concern over, say, an email in which you casually assemble your points and add important links then answer questions at leisure.

That stressful speech—just like a one-chance-only quiz, exam, or timed essay—pressures you to prepare. You want to present your case knowledgeably. Research, preparation, memorization, and practice naturally help. The reasonable response is subject mastery.    

Unlimited re-dos do not mimic real life. Mess up the quarterly report, your boss isn’t going to repeat the meeting. Tangle up holiday plans, you don’t get a second week of vacation to fix everything. Forget your college midterm, you don’t get to reschedule a week later after a second study period. Forget to pay the bills for two months? Good luck. 

Your Child Can Do This

Unless the faculty educating your student started teaching yesterday, he or she has had a lot of experience getting students from very limited experience in a particular subject to the point of proving very decent mastery. Constantly model confidence that your student can overcome, persevere, work hard, have determination, and ultimately succeed. Setbacks are expected! Occasional hurdles are required! Failure here and there? Normal! Failure is a teachable moment rather than shame but only if we allow natural heights of success and valleys of failure.

Set Things Up for Success

Provide tools, time, and encouragement. Subtract distractions. Avoid too heavy a load but don’t be afraid to challenge your clever and competent student. A greenhouse plant will quickly perish in the sun and wind unless you acclimate that rose. A common thing that sabotages success at the start of each new semester is the desire to get in “one last” break. Some students can manage the stress of hurrying through the first couple of weeks of classes for a trip. Most can’t. Set things up for success might mean keeping things boring until your student gets on their feet.    

Don’t Fill in for Them

Unlike faculty who might have your student for just one semester, our program hosts students often throughout both their middle school and high school years. This means that we can see how they did at the start and compare that work to what they are able to do four, five, or six years later. Unless you are a homeschool parent (and many of you are, so this is a big benefit to home education) there will never be an educator who has the opportunity to see a student start with, say, Latin 1 and finish with Latin 5. All of this is preface to the following absolutely true statement: no student whose parents “fill in for them” ever make it to Latin 5 …or even Latin 2.

It is out of love and concern that we parents are tempted to help by doing a bit of this assignment or that assignment as good examples of how to get the assignment done. It is often very difficult once you help a student in this way to stop because all the prior struggles were lightened and all the necessary coping techniques were never mastered. Never do any of your students’ work.

Make It Ok to Not Be Perfect

Perfectionists struggle more than any other type of student. This form of self-torture will make even the most capable and clever student miserable to the point that they often give up. When questioned, perfectionists will claim their approach is the preferred one! Why shouldn’t one strive to be perfect?!

The problem is that there’s no such thing as perfect here on earth. We are all but shadows of the real thing if ancient Greek philosophy is to be observed and we have all fallen short according to the Bible.

Perfectionists often give birth to other perfectionists. Your task may not just be to help your child navigate towards a healthier relationship with struggle and failure. The fight might start with yourself and how you model perfectionism at home. The next time you mess something up—if you are like me that will be before you go to bed tonight—do your best to model healthy recovery with a little humor and old-fashioned live-and-learn attitude.